Managing the Conflicts for Peaceful Co

As a body that involves daily interactions of people with different personalities, getting into conflicts is an issue that cannot be avoided. However, managing the conflicts by recognizing them before they affect the parties involved and continuously tracking them is an option that has been proven to enhance a peaceful co-existence within organizations. In addition, not all conflicts are damaging; in fact, monitored conflicts are considered healthy in an organization as they transform the competitiveness to productivity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing the Conflicts for Peaceful Co-existence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other words, employees are more motivated to question decisions, and seek more information in cases where conflicting parties are involved. In this case, the organization benefits from the competitiveness displayed. Nonetheless, tolerating excessive tensions among employees may res ult to absenteeism, increased turnovers, poor service provision to clients, increased work-related stress, and consequently, reduced productivity. In order to enhance a peaceful co-existence and harness the skills of different employees, an organization should have a model that determines how activities are carried out. Moreover, attitude, values, skills and goals should go hand in hand in order to enhance effectiveness in performance. Organizational behavior determines efficiency in performance, and therefore, affects productivity. By engaging employees in fun activities outside the office, one is able to not only build teamwork spirit, but also ensure that every skill is utilized to achieve the set goals. Also, motivating employees by complimenting their efforts and rewarding them with bonuses encourages them to work more efficiently, and with the right attitude. By the right attitude, it means that employees work harder to benefit the organization so that they benefit from the pr oductivity, and not working harder in order to compete with their colleagues. In an environment where people are prone to conflicts due to the nature of their jobs, the use of the grievance policy to mange conflicts has never been effective. This is because the grievance policy takes longer to respond to the complaints made by employees, and as a result, allow conflicts to build up. Also, the grievance policy does not allow the openness that is required to settle differences among employees. This policy only works effectively in cases of sexual harassments or discrimination whereby the complaint has to be reviewed by their superiors. However, in issues that involves decision making and disparities in ideas pointed out, employees need an instant system that settles their differences. Decision making is a key factor in an organization; therefore, managers ought to consult from wider sources in order to ensure that the decisions made work for the good of the organization. This means th at every opinion from the employees counts, and the manager have to weigh them impartially.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With a healthy conflict, there is always a room for creativity and a healthy exchange of ideas. Communication is therefore vital as it ensures the tranquility of the environment where employees openly share ideas without feeling threatened by their colleagues. Addressing some of the insecurities that build tensions among employees is a strategy that can be used to manage organizational behaviors. Additionally, it enhances learning and implementation of the four model strategy. This involves internal process, system resource, goal attainment, and strategic constituencies. By following up on this paradigm, there will be reduced conflicts, enhanced participation, and harnessing of skills possessed by every employee. In conclusion, managing conflicts involv es diagnosis which determines the root of the conflicts, and intervention which requires laying out solutions that manage disagreements. However, when a conflict builds up to the extent of affecting the organization, arbitration and mediation are always alternatives that can be explored. This essay on Managing the Conflicts for Peaceful Co-existence was written and submitted by user Justus Rowland to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mla

Mla MLA Documentation StyleDifferent academic disciplines use different systems of documentation. The Modern LanguageAssociation (MLA) style, presented in the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, iswidely used throughout the humanities.A. Parenthetical ReferencesB. Content and Bibliographical NotesC. List of D. MLA-Style Sample EssayA. Parenthetical ReferencesIn MLA style, a parenthetical reference identifies a source and refers readers to the full citationof the source in the list of works cited. Following are some sample MLA-style parentheticalreferences.Author and page (short quotation)Prose quotations that run no more than four lines in your essay are integrated into the text andenclosed in double quotation marks. The author's name need not appear in the parentheticalreference if it is included in the signal or introductory phrase, as in the first example:Mark Kingwell defines happiness as "the possession of virtuous character and theperformance of virtuous action" (327).The MLA Style ManualThe search for J.D. Salinger, the New Hampshire recluse whom one reviewer called "theGreta Garbo of American letters" (Swados 119), became something of a minor nationalobsession in the early 1960s.Author and page (long quotation)Prose quotations that run more than four lines are set off from the text by indenting ten spacesfrom the left margin. Block quotations are not enclosed in quotation marks.Swift's ironic "A Modest Proposal" paints a devastating portrait of Ireland's poor:Some persons of a desponding spirit are in great concern about that vast number of poorpeople, who are aged, diseased, or maimed, and I have been desired to employ mythoughts what course may be taken to ease the nation of so grievous an encumbrance. ButI am not in the least pain upon that matter, because it is very well known that...

Does IT Matter Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Does IT Matter Assignment - Essay Example Companies have to draw a balance between purchasing latest information technology in order to acquire its benefits and increasing profit of business by cutting down expenditures and not purchasing latest technology. There is certain risk in getting every new technology that comes in the market because it might cost more than it benefits, so managers only hurry when they know there is definitely an advantage in getting the new technology. Different organizations select information technology they need considering the functions and goals as well as organization structure. Ans. IT department in my organization, which is a construction company working on a building project as a contractor, gets a lot of attention and support of the management. However, many a times, top management hesitates to entertain the requests and recommendations it makes. It is like one out of every three recommendations IT department makes is approved. IT department is undoubtedly a value adding area in my organization as it facilitates company’s operations and ensures that business runs smoothly as the whole organization is primarily depending upon IT. It is not really a cost center because my organization usually uses technology that has long been in the market and has thus come down in terms of price. It is the new or the latest technology that management does not easily approve of. Ans. The industry my organization competes in is construction. In construction industry, it is basic information technology that is very important. Construction works cannot proceed without constant interaction between people working on the site and others in the office. So every worker is provided with a telephone. Different project parties conduct group meetings using videoconferencing e.g. skype. In order to compete in the construction industry, IT competence is essential but not the only factor that determines success. Yes, the market leaders in my industry are generally

Wilmot's Proviso and the Kansas-Nebraska Act Assignment

Wilmot's Proviso and the Kansas-Nebraska Act - Assignment Example Two of these factors were the Wilmot’s Proviso of 1846 and Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. Both the Wilmot’s Proviso amendment to the bill and the Kansas-Nebraska Act addressed the issue of slavery in the newly ceded territories to America. Wilmot’s Proviso proved to be anti-slavery while the Kansas Nebraska Act was established as pro-slavery in nature. Wilmot’s Proviso condemned slavery and claimed that â€Å"neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist† (ushistory.org). This amendment was heartily accepted by the people of northern anti-slavery territories whereas the southern pro-slavery activists strongly opposed it. This resulted in clashes between individuals united by the country flag but divided by geographic demarcation. Wilmot’s proviso was approved by the House of Representatives number of times, but was never passed in Senate and hence never enjoyed the status of a law. Though history does not record loss of lives on this account, it nevertheless was the start of a bitter enmity among the people of USA and a breeding point for the Civil War. On the other hand, Kansas-Nebraska Act proposed that people should be free to decide whether slavery should be practiced in their territories or not. This Act was particularly famous amongst the southern pro-slavery masses and infuriated the northern anti-slavery population. After this Act was passed, people heavily migrated to Kansas to influence the forthcoming elections. This resulted in scuffles all over Kansas causing bloodshed. This brought the pro-slavery and anti-slavery activists in combat on many notions, rejecting the results of the elections on bases of rigging. Federal troops were called in to stop the violence and establish peace while the pro-slavery legislatures were dispersed. Even so, the next few elections were discarded on same charges. These political power games continued till the Civil War was declared in the region. Though both Wilmot’s Proviso

A REVIEW OF PIECE OF SOCIAL RESEARCH EXAMINING CHANGES IN MONEY Essay

A REVIEW OF PIECE OF SOCIAL RESEARCH EXAMINING CHANGES IN MONEY MANAGMENT - Essay Example e their finances, in particular the way the expenses for children and child care are paid, and who is most responsible for those expenses, can still be a route to inequality. The paper leads the reader to understand that the individualization of finances, though leading to a real sense of autonomy, could still leave women with the belief that they are still the primary care givers of society. In â€Å"Research Methods in Politics† it says, â€Å"The ability to research, and therefore provide evidence to corroborate a particular view of the world, is clearly vital to the discipline of political science.† (Brunham, 2004: 1) Keeping the above thought in mind, we must understand what Pahl was intending by making such a statement. The paper did not put forth any particular reason(s) or solution to the inequality problem as presented, it only stated that there could be an unexpected end result. The methodology used for the paper was fairly extensive, citing both the author’s own research and a number of different studies, interviews, books and research papers that substantiated the author’s premise. The paper incorporated a lengthy reference list, with over thirty references to research directly related to the article. There was a lot of material crammed into such a short article, so much so, that it may have been too overbearing. â€Å"Presenting the findings of a survey can be quite complicated, and it is easy to lose the reader in a mass of detail† (Punch, 2003: 72). Learning how to present, and maybe even more importantly, how not to present information, was something that this author could have done a little better. Even though the writer is faced with more options when presenting the findings, and has a little more leeway in presenting those findings, if the information contained in the rest of the article has already overwhelmed the reader, then the findings may not make as much sense as desired. The structure of the paper was fairly straight

Economic Aspects of Global Warming and Climate Change

Economic Aspects of Global Warming and Climate Change Abstract The issue of global warming and climate change has proven to be one of the most controversial and difficult problems facing all the nations of the world.   Assessing the impact of climate change is extremely complex as it is very difficult to project the future and assess the hypothetical impact it will have on the world.   Additionally, it is unknown how technological progress will respond and potentially alter the effects of global warming.   This paper will focus on some impacts of global warming and climate changes on the global economy and review possible methods of mitigating the adverse effects. Introduction Climate change is one of the most challenging problems facing the world community.   According to NASA, global warming is a natural process.   A layer of greenhouse gases which include water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and nitrous oxide acts as a thermal blanket for the Earth, absorbing heat and warming its surface to an average temperature of 59 degrees Fahrenheit which help sustain life (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2017).   Without this natural cover, the Earth’s surface would be colder than it is today, making the planet freezing and mostly likely uninhabitable. However, scientists are concerned that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are causing an unprecedented rise in global temperatures, with potentially harmful consequences for the environment, human health and the economy.   We are adding to the natural greenhouse effect with emissions from industry and agriculture, trapping more energy and increasing the temperature. The possible causes of global warming are numerous.   But according to Environmental Protection Agency, the most concerning and alarming are manmade emissions of CO2 caused by burning fossil fuels and cutting down carbon-absorbing trees. Other greenhouse gases such as methane and nitrous oxide are also released through human activities, but their presence is relatively small when compared to carbon dioxide.   According to a 2016 BBC article, the level and concentration of CO2 in our atmosphere is significantly higher than it was at the beginning of the industrial revolution which began in 1750 (What Is Climate Change?†, 2016). Climate change has a broader meaning as it not only refers to the increased temperature trends described by global warming, but also changes such as sea level rise; ice mass loss in Greenland, Antarctica, the Arctic and mountain glaciers worldwide; shifts in flower and plant blooming; and extreme weather events. Kenneth Green (2002) argues that human prosperity in many parts of the world, especially developing countries, heavily depends on climate. Agriculture, tourism, transportation, energy use, and many other activities that define our economies are largely influenced by climate.   Therefore, it is crucial to understand the effects of global warming in short and long run and perform the cost and benefit analysis to determine what policies and measures should be taken to mitigate and prevent the climate change and its various impacts. Climate change is a global issue, but the impacts are likely to differ in different continents, countries, and regions. Some nations will likely experience more adverse effects than others. Other nations may benefit from climate changes. The ability to adapt to climate change can influence how climate change affects individuals, communities, countries, and the global population. This paper will discuss the effects of global warming on the energy industry, agriculture and food supply, production output and inflation.   Next, it will focus on the cost benefit analysis of implementing the policies and procedures to mitigate and/or prevent global warming and climate change. Lastly, the paper will review the possible methods of reducing the effects of global warming and climate change and the mitigation policies to be implemented. Global Warming and Climate Change Economic Impact Climate Change Effect on Energy In my opinion, energy is the key industry that will be highly affected by global warming and climate change. The world’s production and use of energy is the primary cause of global warming.   Climate will affect energy consumption by changing consumers’ wants and needs in both the intensive (short) and extensive (long) terms. There are several ways in which climate may affect energy consumption. In the residential, commercial and industrial sectors in a warmer world higher cooling demand is expected, which would lead to increased electricity consumption. On the other hand, fewer cold winter days would result in decreased heating demand, which would decrease natural gas, oil and electricity demand. These are demand side effects.   On the supply side, one would expect increased use of natural gas on hot days, as some power plants become less efficient as well as higher natural gas consumption for generation due to higher electricity demand. During the winter, there might be a decrease in natural gas demand for generation due to lower electricity demand. According to a 2009 report on global climate change, the majority (87%) of the United States’ greenhouse gas emissions are from the production and use of energy production.   The research was primarily on the energy usage in buildings concerning the various heating and cooling demands. The findings stated that, â€Å"the demand for cooling energy increases from 5 to 20 percent per 1.8 °F of warming, and the demand for heating energy drops by 3 to 15 percent per 1.8 °F of warming† (Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States Report, 2009).   Additionally, the 2009 report projects that global warming’s increasing temperatures will increase the peak demand for electricity as it is the main source used for the cooling of buildings.   This would result in a disproportionate increase in energy infrastructure investment and possible pollution as most of the nation’s electricity is currently produced from coal.   This would potentially increase the nation’s CO2 emissions and slow the development of alternative â€Å"green† energy sources (Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States Report, 2009). Climate Change Effect on Agriculture and Food Supply Since temperature and precipitation are direct inputs in agricultural production, this sector will experience significant effects as well.   Recent droughts worldwide have highlighted that the advances in modern farming techniques and technologies cannot insulate the world’s food production and supply.   In fact, rising CO2 concentrations could increase production of some crops, such as rice, soybean and wheat (Clark, 2012).   However, Clark (2012) also stated, â€Å"the changing climate would affect the length and quality of the growing season and farmers could experience increasing damage to their crops, caused by a rising intensity of extreme weather events such as droughts, flooding or fires†.   Furthermore, in many developing regions, agriculture is of major importance for national economies, as it represents the large share in gross domestic product (GDP).   Therefore, with prospects of continued global warming, the damages for poor regions could be substantial (Clark, 2012).   Climate change’s probable impact on agricultural production patterns and prices in these regions lower the profitability of agriculture industry and increase the share of consumers’ income spent on food.   This may lead to food shortages or insufficient access to food in some countries or regions. In addition to agriculture, the worlds fisheries which provide an important source of food for at least half the worlds population are very susceptible to climate change.   Fisheries are plagued by two problems, overexploitation and pollution.   Additionally, the various marine fish species are encountering their own problems due to climate change such warming surface waters, and rising sea levels due to melting ice.   Clark (2012) states, â€Å"some marine fish species are already adapting by migrating to the high latitudes, but others, such as Arctic and freshwater species, have nowhere to go†.   If we are unable to find sustainable solutions to help the fisheries and fish, we may end up with shortages of edible fish which will cause prices to soar. According to Schierhorn (2016), over the last century, the global population has quadrupled. In 1915, there were 1.8 billion people in the world. Today, according to the most recent estimate by the UN, there are 7.3 billion people and we may reach 8.5 billion by 2030 (UN projects world population to reach 8.5 billion by 2030, driven by growth in developing countries, 2015).   This population growth, along with rising incomes in developing countries, is increasing global food demand.   Schierhorn’s (2016) research shows that food demand is expected to increase anywhere between 59 to 98 percent by 2050.   Therefore, the world’s crop production will need to increase.   That means there needs to be an expanse of farmable land to grow crops, and current productivity needs expanded through the use of modern farming methods (Schierhorn, 2016). A recent EPA (2016) study concludes that â€Å"climate change is very likely to affect food security at the global, regional, and local level† and that â€Å"climate change can disrupt food availability, reduce access to food, and affect food quality†.   The study projects that changes in temperatures and precipitation patterns, along with extreme weather events may reduce agricultural productivity (Climate Impacts on Agriculture and Food Supply, 2016). The same study further suggests that â€Å"increases in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events can also interrupt food delivery, and resulting spikes in food prices after extreme events are expected to be more frequent in the future†.   Increasing temperatures can contribute to food spoilage and contamination (Climate Impacts on Agriculture and Food Supply, 2016). Furthermore, Clark (2012) argues that food production itself is a significant emitter of greenhouse gases, as well as a cause of environmental degradation in many parts of the world. Clark states agriculture contributes about 15% of all emissions, on a par with transport. He concludes that to limit the long-run impacts of climate change, food production must become not only more resilient to climate but also more sustainable and low-carbon itself (Clark, 2012). Climate Change Effect on Economy Growth According to a recent study by Wade (2017), climate change will most likely reduce the capital stock and productivity in the world economy. Global warming is expected to increase the frequency and severity of extreme weather events causing property and infrastructure loss. While the initial economic response to recover the damages may be positive for GDP while it is possible, in the long run the world economy will face an extreme challenge. The harm to economic output may become irreversible.   Wade (2017) argues that it will not be worth for businesses to replace their capital stock unless future damages could be prevented or the business could be relocated to the safer area.   This could cause a short period of disruption as businesses relocate, or in the worst case scenario, a permanent loss of capital stock and output.   As the temperatures continue to rise, the damages will increase and become permanent (Wade, 2017). Wade (2017) represents the likely effect of climate change on output in production function in Figure 1 (See Appendices).   If there is less capital stock available due to the damage resulted from climate change, the productive capacity of the world economy will fall.   It is represented by the downward shift in the world production function as each unit of labor produces less output (Wade, 2017). However, lower labor productivity may occur not only due to a lower level of capital stock.   Global warming may affect food safety, promote the spread of infections, cause social unrest and thus reduce availability of labor. Wade (2017) shows this effect as a supply shock in a supply and demand graph (Figure 2, Appendices).   Global warming is likely to contract supply at any given price and result in a backward shift of the supply curve (from S1 to S2) (Wade, 2017). As the graph demonstrates, this will result in a lower level of output (Y2) and a higher price (P2). This analysis is based on the assumption that the world will not respond to climate change and no prevention or mitigation measures are taken. Climate Change Effect on Inflation Wade (2017) also proves that as global production output is reduced, an increase in the general price level will occur as a result of global warming. As discussed earlier, higher food prices will affect consumers’ income and overall food price inflation will rise.   Furthermore, reduced land availability may also contribute to rising inflation. Per Wade (2017) the surge in global temperatures may eventually cause some areas of the world to become uninhabitable and cause mass migration. Along with the political and socioeconomic implications of the migration there will be higher demand for decreasing amount of land.   Higher energy costs are also likely to boost inflation. As discussed earlier, as our climate becomes more extreme the demand for energy used for cooling will likely to rise.   As the energy demand will rise, the supply will shrink as the efficiency of existing power stations is compromised due to higher temperatures (Wade, 2017).   Policy actions by governments to transition to green energy may further contribute to inflation in the short-run when taxes are placed on fossil fuel electricity. Since energy is the basis of most of the world’s production, the effects of higher energy prices on inflation will impact the global economy (Wade, K. 2017). Cost-Benefit Analysis According to Mendelsohn (2013), â€Å"the biggest threat climate change poses to economic growth is from immediate, aggressive and inefficient mitigation policies†. Thomas C. Shelling believes that climate change is the global public good, because each country’s emissions of greenhouse gases contribute cumulatively to the increase of the overall concentration, and each country’s abatements entail higher cost than benefit, unless effective concerted collective actions take place (Stiglitz & Shelling, 2012).   Therefore, benefit-cost analysis is a principal tool for deciding if this public good should be altered through mitigation policy. There are many conflicting views regarding the true dimensions of climate change problem and a lot of various policy assessment models. The most famous are DICE model created by William Nordhaus and the Stern Review prepared by Sir Nicholas Stern for the British government in 2006.   The modeling approach by Nordhaus views climate change as a matter of investment efficiency and assumes that climate change policies will compete with other investments such as public health and education.   This model provides estimates of the appropriate price path on carbon emissions, with prices starting relatively low and gradually rising as a result of discounting. (William D. Nordhaus and Joseph Boyer, 2000) The Stern Review, in contrast to Nordhaus’ model, recommended strong and immediate action on climate change.   Stern (2006) found that the costs associated with uncontrolled global warming would be up to a 20 percent drop per year in the world’s GDP by 2050. The Stern Review incorporated new scientific evidence suggesting that the climate system may be more sensitive than previously thought.   Also, it supported the application of much lower discount rates. (Stern, 2006). Therefore, two aspects of the benefit-cost calculation are critical. One is allowance for uncertainty as the possible outcomes of global warming in the absence of mitigation are very unclear.   The other critical aspect is the choice of discount rate as most of the climate-related benefits from current policy efforts would take the form of avoided damages in the long run with many of the costs incurred in the short run. Stiglitz & Shelling (2012) suggest a number of behavioral changes to mitigate the problem of global warming such as shifting to fuels with higher ratio of useful energy to CO2 emissions (from coal to oil, from oil to natural gas); developing technologies that use less energy per unit output; shifting demand to products with lower energy intensity; planting trees and reducing deforestation; pursuing policy of sequestering the CO2 by pumping it directly into underground reservoirs. The process of mitigation will require a temporary economic transition from consumption to investment, provided that the transitional costs are small relative to the cost of inaction (Wade, 2017).   However, as the costs of mitigation rise, budget limitations will become increasingly important. Possible Mitigation Measures Despite the disagreements between nations, in recent years we have witnessed the gradual emergence of a range of international and domestic climate change policies, including emissions trading programs, emissions taxes, performance standards, and technology-promoting programs (Goulder & Pizer, 2006).   At the Paris climate conference (COP21) in December 2015, 195 countries adopted the first-ever universal, legally binding global climate agreement that outlined a global action plan to put the world on track to avoid dangerous climate change by limiting global warming to well below 2 °C. Therefore, there is now an agreement among climate economists to consider climate change as a global externality that must be compensated for to recover economic optimality. Hence, basic public economics wisdom requires some mitigation eï ¬â‚¬orts (IPCC, 2007). The issue gets controversial however when we try to answer the â€Å"when† and â€Å"how much† questions. One approach that has become widely used is cap and trade. The U.S. Clean Air Act of 1990 established emission levels (caps) and permitted companies with emissions below the cap to sell (trade) their rights to remaining permissible amount to firms that have exceeded the cap. Over time, the government would reduce the cap, thus overall emissions would be gradually reduced. This approach gives companies flexibility. It increases the pool of available capital to make reductions, encourages companies to cut pollution faster and rewards innovation. But the critics pointed out that it allows richer companies to pollute more as they are able to buy those rights.   Another type of emissions control is establishment of emissions charges or fees. Each business would be charged accordingly for the amount of emissions produced. It would become very expensive for the companies to pollute and will create incentive for them to clean up. In recent years governments also experimented with various green taxes and eco-taxes that levy a fee on environmentally damaging behavior. Beside the punishment, governments also offer positive incentives for the companies that improve their environmental behavior. For example, the government may decide to purchase only from those firms that meet certain pollution standard or to offer financial aid to those that install pollution control equipment. Tax incentives such as faster depreciation for pollution control equipment may also be used. Overall, the trend has been for governments to use more flexible, market oriented approaches such as tradeable allowances, pollution fees and taxes, and incentives, to achieve the goals of protecting the environment and mitigating climate change. (Lawrence & Weber, 2017) Many challenges remain though. 2 °C stabilization goal set at the Paris Climate Conference     requires decarbonization of the world economy. Carbon pricing would be a necessary tool in reaching that goal. The advantages of carbon pricing would be the following: it would trigger economy-wide decarbonization in a cost efficient manner, generate revenues that can be used for financing the sustainable development goals and become a focal point for international climate policy cooperation focusing on carbon pricing coordination. For many policy issues, there is an important and clear distinction between the short-run and the long-run responses by businesses and individuals. The short run is a period when businesses and individuals are locked in to some past decisions and have fixed costs that they are not able to avoid. But over a period of time, they might respond by making gradual adjustments in their behaviors and choices. They are more responsive in the long run than in the short run because they have more time and opportunities to respond to a change in price. As we know, supply and demand are generally more elastic in the long run. We can use the example of a gas tax that was introduced as a tool to reduce pollution. If we look only at the short-run elasticity of demand, we might come to conclusion that a gas tax will have little effect on driving since demand is inelastic. However, if we had an estimate of the long-run elasticity of demand, we might see that the demand curve is flatter. As recent studies how, the effectiveness of many market-based environmental policies depend on the responsiveness of businesses and individuals to a change in incentives, economists and policymakers should keep in mind the difference between short-run responses and long-run responses (Global Warming Causes, 2017). Summary The overall effect of climate change on economic growth will most likely be negative in the long run. Although there will be winners and losers from climate change at different levels of warming, the impact of climate change will be widespread due to the financial, political and economic integration of the worlds economies. Global warming will primarily influence economic growth through damage to property and infrastructure, lost productivity, mass migration, security threats. The issue of global warming and climate change invokes the highest form of global citizenship. The nations have to be willing to sacrifice hundreds of billions of dollars of present consumption in an effort that will largely benefit people in other countries, considering that the benefit that will not be instant. Moreover, the threat of climate change is uncertain and based on modeling rather than direct observation. In considering climate change policies, the fundamental trade-off that society faces is between consumption today and consumption in the future. By taking measures to slow emissions of greenhouse gases now, the economy reduces the amount of output that can be devoted to consumption and productive investment. This is the opportunity cost of the investment into mitigating global warming. However, the return for this investment is lower damages and higher consumption in the future. The climate investments involve reducing fossil-fuel consumption and moving to low-carbon fuels.   In return, the impacts on energy, agriculture, economic growth and inflation as well as the potential for catastrophic climate change will be reduced. Appendices Figure 1: Global Production Function (Wade, K., 2017) Figure 2: Supply and Demand (Wade, K., 2017) References Carbon Pricing for Climate Change Mitigation and Financing the SDGs. (n.d.). Retrieved April 01, 2017, from https://www.global-economic-symposium.org/about-the-ges/council-of-global-problem-solving/recommendations/carbon-pricing-for-climate-change-mitigation-and-financing-the-sdgs Clark, D. (2012, September 19). How will climate change affect food production? Retrieved April 16, 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/sep/19/climate-change-affect-food-production Climate Change Indicators in the United States. (2016, December 19). Retrieved April 16, 2017, from https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators Green, K. P. (2002). Global warming: understanding the debate. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow. Mendelsohn (2013).   Climate Change and Economic Growth, Commission on Growth and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Development, Working paper no.60 Global warming / opposing viewpoints. (2002). San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press. Global Warming Causes. RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2017, from https://www.briangwilliams.us/environmental-economics/shortrun-versus-longrun-substitutions.html Lawrence H. Goulder and William A. Pizer (n.d.). Retrieved April 23, 2017, from http://stanford.academia.edu/LawrenceGoulder National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (n.d.). Retrieved April 16, 2017, from https://www.nasa.gov/ Schierhorn, M. E. (2016, April 07). Global Demand for Food Is Rising. Can We Meet It? Retrieved April 16, 2017, from https://hbr.org/2016/04/global-demand-for-food-is-rising-can-we-meet-it Stern (2006). Stern Review on The Economics of Climate Change (pre-publication edition).  Executive Summary, HM Treasury, London. Archived from the original on 31 January 2010) Stiglitz, J. E., & Shelling, T. C. (2012). The economists voice: top economists take on todays problems. New York: Columbia Univ. Press. Wade, K. (n.d.). Climate change & the global economy: Growth and inflation. Retrieved April 16, 2017, from http://www.schroders.com/en/us/institutional/insights/economic-views3/climate-changethe-global-economy-growth-and-inflation What is climate change? (2016, November 14). Retrieved April 23, 2017, from http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-24021772 William D. Nordhaus and Joseph Boyer, Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming. MIT Press, Cambridge Mass., 2000. ISBN 0 262 14071 3. UN projects world population to reach 8.5 billion by 2030, driven by growth in developing countries. (2015, July 29). Retrieved April 23, 2017, from http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=51526#.WP083IWcHIU

Analysis of 1997 U.S. Macroeconomic Predictions :: essays papers

Analysis of 1997 U.S. Macroeconomic Predictions The U.S. economy ended 1996 at a blistering pace of 4.7% growth rate of real GDP in the fourth quarter. Despite this strong growth, the inflation rate remained relatively low in fact the CPI showed its lowest core growth rate in the last 34 years. This low inflation along with low unemployment finished off a very healthy year for the U.S. economy. These numbers seem to indicate a positive trend for the U.S. economy in 1997. Real GDP is expected to grow at a strong to moderate rate of 2.25%, with CPI rising around 3% and the unemployment rate between 5.25-5.5%. In order to see how these projections were arrived at it is most important to look at the factors that make up real GDP. Consumption, Investment, Government Spending, and Net Exports. When these factors are analyzed separately the overall picture of real GDP becomes clearer. The growth rate of real GDP is important because it tells us the rate that the economy is growing. Once the rate of growth is determined, we will be able to look at the predictions for interest rates, unemployment, and inflation, since all of these are heavily influenced by the growth rate of real GDP. Real GDP is the market value of all goods and services produced in a given year. It is the most important measure of growth in an economy. Since a dollar of production is equal to a dollar of income, real GDP not only gives an idea of production but also of the well being of the society in general. It is not enough simply for real GDP to rise, it must rise at a healthy rate (around 2.0%) each year in order for there to be enough jobs for new entrants into the labor force. If real GDP falls or fails to rise enough, unemployment will increase and the overall standard of living will fall. However, if real GDP rises too much inflation may occur which also lowers people’s standard living by eroding their purchasing power. In 1997, real GDP in the United States is expected to grow at an annual rate of around 2.25%. Growth is not expected to be as dramatic as the 4.7% rate of growth shown in the last quarter of 1996. But, overall the economy should show moderate to strong growth throughout the year.

Racism in euroropean football Essay

Medieval football matches involved hundreds of players, and were essentially pitched battles between the young men of rival villages and towns often used as opportunities to settle old feuds, personal arguments and land disputes. The much more disciplined game introduced to continental Europe in 1900s was the reformed pastime of the British aristocracy. Other European countries adopted this form of the game, associated with Victorian values of fair-play and retrained enthusiasm. Only two periods in British history have been relatively free of football-related violence: the inter-war years and the decade following the Second World War. Recently it seems more and more becoming that racism is beginning to damage the reputation of the game. Racism isn’t directed at players simply because of their skin colour; players are also targeted because of their nationality, religion or ethnicity. Some players may be targeted by football supporters more because they play for an opposing team rather than their appearance or heritage. However, some players and managers have even been targeted by their own fans. The purpose of this report is to understand the current situation of racism within football, and look at what is begin done to help rid the game of it. With numerous governing bodies contained by sport, it is key to understanding what the main bodies choose to do to help endorse the fight against racism. It seems as though it is becoming more and more of a human rights issue, as players endure the direct racism from not only fans but club management teams.

Magistrates of the Parlements essays

Magistrates of the Parlements essays The Magistrates of the Parlements - Truly Noble? Reading the remonstrances of the Parlements between the years 1775 and 1788, one is struck by the zeal and enthusiasm with which the magistrates, public servants drawn from the nobility, fought for the rights of Frances poor. Claiming to desire to plead the cause of the people before Your Majestys tribunal (52), they provided a voice to the King for members of French society who could not speak for themselves. There are indications, however, that their intentions were not completely altruistic. Were they really sincere in their desire to aid the lower classes, or were these nobles leading a fight which they felt would retain their popularity and build their support amongst the masses? For although they are seen to have fought for equality in the form of just tax collection procedures, fair legislative representation, and honest beaurocrats (see the Remonstrance of the Cour des aides, May 6, 1775), they also fought vociferously to retain Frances traditional tax structure, in which the First and Second Estates were exempt from paying land tax. When Calonne, and then Brienne, tried to relieve Frances financial burdens by instituting a universal land tax, a move which would have invariably eased the financial burdens of the Third Estate, the magistrates of the Parlements fought with the same zeal exhibited previously on behalf of the people to fight against this legislation (see remonstra nces from March 1776 - May 1788). Was their support for the poorer classes sincere, albeit with their personal interests given priority, or had they never truly cared about the rights of the Third Estate from the beginning? An analysis of the arguments presented by the magistrates in support of the poorer classes will offer insight into their mindset at the time the arguments were made. On May 6, 1775, the Cour des aides of the Parlement of Paris issued a ...

Capabilities in the Workplace Bangles Pvt. Ltd. The WritePass Journal

Capabilities in the Workplace Bangles Pvt. Ltd.ï » ¿ Abstract: Capabilities in the Workplace Bangles Pvt. Ltd.ï » ¿ ). Bangles Pvt. Ltd has several core competencies which strengthen the firm and result in increased business. One of the core competencies of Bangles Pvt. Ltd is the diversified workforce, which consists of close friends and students of the owner who originate from different countries and are able to provide Bangles with unique and original ideas for bangle designs. Thus, the aesthetic appeal of Bangles’ products suits the modern tastes of consumers in the UK, India, Pakistan, Turkey, China, and Nigeria as the designers of Bangles originate from the countries mentioned. Another core competency of the firm is the owner’s personal involvement in the business and the fact that the owner provides customers with a personalized service and is highly interactive with the customers. Additionally, the owner also provides a customized service to customers who wish to get their own bangles designed at an affordable price. Also, the owner’s large social circle and connection s with people in Asia who can help in expanding and managing the business is also a core competence as the owner will not have to associate with unknown parties in order to achieve expansion into Asia. The organizational capabilities of the firm are the manner in which people are managed in a firm in order to gain a competitive advantage (Grafton, Lillis, Widener, 2010). The organizational capabilities of Bangles include the owner’s excellence in human resource management as she has been successful in motivating employees since the business’s inception. The owner’s charismatic leadership style and the informal organizational culture of the firm help the employees remain comfortable and united with one another. The owner also attempts to organize the employees in the organization through the use of various communication tools including a personal group on WhatsApp, an intranet which enables the employees to interact with one another, and through the use of video conferencing when applicable (Bangles Pvt Ltd, 2014).The business’s strong internal associations and the fact that all of the designers in the firm are educated, trained, and experienced in the f ield of arts and crafts enables the firm to perform faster and more efficiently in order to quickly meet customer demand. The lack of misunderstandings between employees and the close connection between employees and the owner also serves as a source of competitive advantage and enables the work to be done quicker. The organization is currently working on capacity-building as it has previously increased its capacity by purchasing three small machines, which help cut the thread and sew on the beads for intricately and delicately designed bangles. Using these machines has sufficiently increased the capacity of the firm and Bangles has been able to complete more orders than it previously had. The company has recently tried division of labour and instead of asking one designer to complete a full pair of bangles, they have tried to break down the tasks and let one worker complete a portion of an order while the others complete other portions. This has shown commendable results recently as capacity has slightly increased. In order to solve the problems arising from an expansion into the Asian market, Bangles must use its core competencies, organizational capabilities, and capacity-building tools to its advantage. The owner can use the core competency of having a diversified workforce to be able to accurately meet the aesthetic demands of customers in Asian countries. Moreover, the owner needs to use her social connections in order to appoint a reliable manager in Asia who will help in the distribution of Bangles’ products and also manage the brand image of the firm. The owner can make use of the firm’s strong communication network to set up a system in which she communicates with customers in Asia herself or responds to their messages as soon as possible if there is a difference in timings in order to provide them with a personalized and customized service where applicable. Thus, to efficiently manage business in Asia, the owner must make use of her charismatic leadership style to constantly remain in touch with employees and the manger in Asia and ensure she is updated upon changing trends. The owner must also have a rigid plan towards crisis management in order to ensure that she is able to solve such problems without increasing hassle and confusion and risk in damaging the brand’s reputation. The owner can also extend the intranet to include employees in Asia and to ensure that she communicates with them personally in order to ensure that they are familiar with the organizational culture and are absorbed into the enthusiasm of being a part of the organization. These are the strategies that the firm can use by making use of its existing core competencies and capabilities. However, the firm may also need to enhance other departments in order to efficiently compete in the Asian market. Conclusion and Recommendations: It is evident that the firm has numerous core competencies and organizational capabilities which enable the firm to efficiently compete in the market and which can be used to its advantage in expanding into the Asian market. However, the firm may consider increasing its efficiency and capacity by hiring additional designers in Asia who can produce the bangles there and ship them to customers easily and without additional cost. Moreover, the firm may also hire additional staff in the UK to ensure that there is always someone available online to cater to customer queries and demands. In order to appropriately achieve this, Bangles may also consider giving its staff training in customer service and managing across cultures. Hence, the firm’s core competencies of a diversified workforce, strong social connections, and the owner’s personal involvement in the business serve to be highly beneficial while organizational capabilities of a strong communication network and informal organizational culture are redeem high benefits. References Bangles Pvt. Ltd. (2014) Facebook Page [online] Accessed on: February 20, 2014 Available at: https://www.facebook.com/bangles Grafton, J., Lillis, A. M., Widener, S. K. (2010). â€Å"The role of performance measurement and evaluation in building organizational capabilities and performance.†Ã‚  Accounting, Organizations and Society. Vol.  35(7) pp. 689-706. Gupta, R. K. (2013). â€Å"Core Competencies for Business Excellence.†Ã‚  Advances in Management. Vol.  6 (10). pp. 712-723

Discuss the main causes and effects of gun crime in the USA Essay - 1

Discuss the main causes and effects of gun crime in the USA - Essay Example As the thief’s and robbers have to get a more ‘effective’ weapon to facilitate the robbing, they have chosen the gun as, to them, is the most efficient and convenient weapon to use. This paper will be discussing the causes and effects of gun crime in the US. For some time now, people believed that owning a gun made someone more secure. In this regard, those that felt that they were in any form of threats from robbers and so on would get a license so as they can purchase a gun and use it to protect themselves (Killias 1993). The belief that guns make a nation safer has been refuted by US doctors after they have noted that areas with high rates of people owning guns record many gun-related deaths than in countries where owning a gun is rare. Their findings were published in the American Journal of Medicine â€Å" (Miller & Hemenway 19). While compared to the Japan, the US has the most death related to gun and has the highest rates of individuals owning guns while compared to Japan. Several discussions have been around to discuss what specifically causes gun crimes in the US. Some of these reasons will be discussed below. In this case, it can be concluded that the mental condition of an individual is a threat to the population if the person comes across a weapon as powerful as a gun. Still, this underscores how much gun ownership can be a threat to the society since the patients involved in the mass killings would not have found a gun to commit the crime in the first place. One primary cause of gun crime is ownership of guns itself. In the US, for example, there are about 10.2 guns per every 100,000 people while the UK has 0.25 guns per every 100,000 people (Airi, et al 2009). When the two countries are compared in respect to the number of gun-related crimes reported in the country, the data shows that the US has extremely high firearm-related deaths while the UK record very few cases of firearm-related deaths. Although these countries, like any

Best practices for network security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Best practices for network security - Essay Example Requiring proper authentication IV. MONITOR THE ENVIRONMENT A. Monitoring security logs 1. Checking for needed attention and applying a security fix B. Reviewing and updating the security policy Network Security Best Practices When it comes to securing your network, reliability and fail proof security are vitally important. With more and more data and sensitive information being conducted and housed on various networks, security has become an important part of the puzzle that must be considered moving forward. To ensure impeccable network security, comprehensive analysis and exploration of the entire network needs to be conducted. One should begin by accessing the environment, as it is through this mechanism that we can make a comprehensive risk assessment. By assessing the environment, we can observe what requirements are needed in order to optimize security. The environment is comprised of two primary elements: infrastructure and staff. A thorough review of infrastructure is requir ed in order to conduct an adequate risk assessment. Once a company knows how much its assets are worth, and what threats could potentially affect those assets, they are able to formulate intelligent decisions regarding how to protect said assets. Network security is a balanced art. It is likely that a company can apply too much security, lagging down the infrastructure, or perhaps too little, exposing the network and making it vulnerable to attack. By assessing the current infrastructure, trained security analysis' can find the balance between the right amount of security required for the particular volume of infrastructure. (Bayrak & Brabowski, 2006). The evaluation of the members of staff and their specific role in the company is important in maintaining a secure network. Each staff and role needs to be assigned a financial value and the cost of comprised or lost data associated with that role needs to be calculated. In this way, financially speaking, administrators can determine the financial repercussions of a threat in relation to the staff, as well as determine the level of security each staff member should have. A risk assessment is a tool for identifying weaknesses and vulnerabilities within a network, and then assessing where to implement security and preventative measures. Risk assessment has four main goals: to indentify the assets and their worth, to identity threats and vulnerabilities, to identify the potential impact of threats, and to provide an economic balance between the impact of the threat and the financial cost of the preventative measures. This is generally the process in which an operation can access whether a risk is at an acceptable level or whether it should be counter measured. (Gerald, 2005). The first step of successful risk assessment is to identify the assets and their appropriate values. The value placed on assets is relative to the work hours required to develop it, the cost to maintain it, the potential damage caused if it we re lost or stolen, and the potential financial gain another company or individual would receive through use of the stolen product. To assess and value the assets, the company must generally consider the following issues. Firstly, the cost of developing an asset should be carefully considered. Secondly, the cost to maintain and protect the asset should rise to the front of any discussion surrounding network security. Third, the estimated value to the asset should be calculated. Fourthly, the value